• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention is directed to a single mode optical waveguide fiber profile (18, 20, 22, 24) that provides a relatively large effective area while limiting macroband loss. The effective area is derived by forming the core of the waveguide fiber to shift the optical power propagated away from the waveguide center. As measured by fin array or 20 mm mandrel testing, the macroband loss is kept low by the power-limiting refractive index depression 24 surrounding the center core region of the waveguide. In addition, attenuation is made and the cutoff wavelength is adjusted to provide a communication operating window at a wavelength in the range of about 1250 nm to 1700 nm.
    公开号:KR20020038703A
    申请号:KR1020027001075
    申请日:2000-06-20
    公开日:2002-05-23
    发明作者:브라이언 이. 미첼；데이빗 케이. 스미스
    申请人:알프레드 엘. 미첼슨；코닝 인코포레이티드；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE HAVING NEGATIVE DISPERSION AND LARGE Aeff}
    [3] Waveguides with large effective areas reduce nonlinear optical properties, which include magnetic phase modulation, four wavelength mixing, mixed phase modulation, and nonlinear scattering processes, which can cause signal attenuation in high power systems. . In general, the mathematical representation of this nonlinear characteristic includes the ratio of P / A eff , where P is the optical power. For example, the nonlinear optical properties can be represented by an equation comprising exp [PxL eff / A eff ], where L eff is the effective length. Thus, increasing A eff reduces nonlinearity which affects the attenuation of the optical signal propagating in the waveguide.
    [4] The desire to send larger amounts of information over long distances without a regenerator in the telecommunications industry has led to a re-evaluation of single mode fiber index profile designs.
    [5] The focus of this reassessment is to provide an optical waveguide that is optimized to reduce nonlinear characteristics such as those described above and further reduce attenuation operating in the wavelength range of about 1550 nm, i.e., about 1250 nm to 1700 nm. In addition, the waveguide must be compatible with the optical amplifier and maintain certain characteristics of the optical waveguide, such as high strength, fatigue resistance, and band resistance.
    [6] Waveguide fibers having at least two individual refractive index segments are known to have sufficient adaptation to meet or exceed the criteria for high performance of the waveguide fiber system. The segmented core design classification is disclosed in detail in US Pat. No. 4,715,679, Bhagavatula.
    [7] In general, the effective area of the waveguide is increased by designing the refractive index profile, which indicates that the optical power distribution in the fiber is shifted outward from the centerline of the waveguide fiber, thus reducing the power density. However, in the movement of the power distribution towards the outside of the core edge, the waveguide is more susceptible to power loss due to the bending of the fiber.
    [8] Banding losses occur in the cable process as well as in the installation process. In the use of some waveguide fibers, at least a portion of the waveguide is installed as a coil, for example in a junction box.
    [9] Therefore, the optical waveguide fiber needs to reduce the nonlinearity of the refractive index by increasing the effective area A eff while maintaining the predetermined resistance to the macroband and the microband .
    [1] This application claims priority under U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 145,759, filed Jul. 27, 1999, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 165,833, filed November 16, 1999.
    [2] The present invention relates to optical waveguide fibers having improved resistance to banding, in particular having a large effective area, negative total dispersion at an operating window of 1550 nm, and improved resistance to macro- and micro-bands. It relates to waveguide fibers.
    [39] 1 is a schematic diagram of a segmented core profile providing a definition of a radius used in the specification,
    [40] 2 and 3 are refractive index profiles prepared according to the present invention,
    [41] 4 is a chart showing a power ratio relationship on a PLD region;
    [42] 5 is a chart of the refractive index profile produced according to the invention, wherein the central region of the core has four segments.
    [10] {Justice}
    [11] The following definitions are common terms in the art.
    [12] The refractive index profile is the relationship between the refractive index and the waveguide fiber radius.
    [13] The segmented core is divided into at least first and second waveguide fiber core portions or segments. Each portion or segment lies along a certain radius length, is substantially symmetrical about the waveguide fiber centerline, and has an associated refractive index profile.
    [14] The segment radius of the core is defined by the respective refractive indices at each start and end point of the segment. The definition of radius as used herein is described in connection with FIG. 1. In Fig. 1, the radius of the central refractive index segment 10 is length 2, which is from the waveguide centerline to the point where the profile becomes the α-profile of the segment 12, i.e., the refractive index versus radius curve is shown below. -To the point where we start according to the equation for the profile. The outer radius 4 of the segment 12 is from the centerline to the point where the estimated falling portion of the α-profile meets the estimated extension line of the profile segment 14. This definition easily applies to optional center segments such as α-profiles or step refractive index profiles. Furthermore, the definition is easy to apply when the second segment has a different shape than the α-profile. If an optional center segment shape is used, the radius is depicted in each figure. The radius 6 of the segment 14 is from the center line to the point where Δ% is half the maximum value of Δ% of the segment 16. The radius of the additional segment is defined similarly to segment 14 until the final core segment is reached. As shown in FIG. 1, the center point radius 8 of the segment 16, the last segment of the core, is measured from the center line to the center point of the segment width. The width of a segment, such as segment 16, is the distance value between two half Δ% values of both portions of segment 16. The clad layer of the fiber is shown as 17 in FIG. 1.
    [15] The definitions set forth herein are consistent with computer models used to predict the functional waveguide properties given a refractive index profile. In addition, the model can be converted and used to provide a refractive index profile family and will have the functional properties of the previously selected set.
    [16] The effective area is defined as follows.
    [17] A eff = 2 (∫E 2 rdr) 2 / (∫E 4 rdr), where the integration range is from 0 to ∽ and E is the electric field associated with the light propagated in the waveguide. The effective diameter, D eff, is defined as follows.
    [18] A eff = Π (D eff / 2) 2
    [19] Relative refractive index percentage, Δ% = 100 x (n i 2 -n c 2 ) / 2n i 2 , where n i is the maximum refractive index in the region i, unless otherwise specified, and n c is the average refractive index of the cladding region to be.
    [20] The term α-profile relates to the refractive index profile indicated by Δ (b)%, where b is the radius and is given by the equation
    [21] Where b 0 is the point where Δ (b)% is maximum, b 1 is the point where Δ (b)% is zero, and b has the range b i ≤ b ≤ b f , where delta is the definition above B i is the initial point of the α-profile, b f is the end point of the α-profile, and α is the exponent with real number. The initial and final points of the α-profile are selected and entered into the computer model. As such, if the α-profile is prioritized by a step refractive index profile or any other profile shape, the starting point of the α-profile is the intersection of the α-profile and the step or other profile.
    [22] In the model, in order to smoothly combine the α-profile with the profile of the adjacent profile segment, the equation can be rewritten as follows;
    [23] , Where b a is the first point of the adjacent segment.
    [24] The pin array band test is used to compare the relative resistance of the waveguide fibers to the banding. To perform this test, the attenuation loss is measured for the waveguide fiber essentially without the induced banding loss. The waveguide fiber then passes through the fin array and again attenuation is measured. The loss induced by the banding is the difference between the two measured attenuation values. The pin array is a set of ten cylindrical pins arranged in a single row and fixed at a point perpendicular to a flat surface. The pin space is 5 mm from center to center. The diameter of the pin is 0.67 mm. The waveguide fiber passes through the opposite face of the adjacent pin. During the test process, sufficient tension is applied to ensure that the waveguide fibers fit into the peripheral surface of the fins.
    [25] Optional band testing includes wrapping the fiber around an existing selected radius of one or more mandrels. For this application, the applied macroband test is a loss induced by one turn of the waveguide for about 20 mm diameter mandrel.
    [26] Another band test mentioned here is the lateral load test. In this microband test, waveguide fibers of defined length are placed between two flat plates. The # 70 wire mesh is attached to one of the plates. (Market code # 70 wire mesh describes a screen made of wire having a diameter of 0.178 mm. The screen opening is a cube with 0.185 mm on one side.) Phosphorus length waveguide fibers are sandwiched between the plates and the basic attenuation is measured while the plates are compressed together at a force of 30 Newtons. A force of 70 Newton is then applied to the plate, measuring the increase in attenuation in dB / m. The increase in this attenuation is the lateral load attenuation of the waveguide.
    [27] {summary}
    [28] One feature of the present invention is in a single mode optical waveguide fiber having a segmented core and comprising a central region of the core having at least two segments surrounded by a power-limiting depression (PLD) and a clad layer film. It is about. Since the PLD is the final core segment, it comes into contact with the cladding layer. The relative refractive index of the PLD is less than the relative refractive index of the core portion forming the PLD inner boundary and less than the relative refractive index of the clad portion forming the PLD outer boundary. The parameters defining the core and clad profile, in particular the PLD profile, are at most about 1 × 10 −4 , preferably at most about 5 × 10 −5 , and more preferably at maximum at wavelengths of 1550 nm +/− 10 nm. Preferably, the power ratio is selected to provide a power ratio of about 5 × 10 −6 , wherein the power ratio is at a radial point of 10 μm from the waveguide centerline to the optical power propagated in the waveguide at a radius point of 25 μm from the waveguide centerline. The ratio of optical power propagated in the waveguide of. The operating wavelength range preferably has a range of about 1250 nm to 1700 nm. More preferred operating range is 1520 nm to 1650 nm. The inner radius of the PLD is preferably greater than about 12 μm. The radius shown from the waveguide fiber centerline to the center point of the width of the PLD preferably ranges from about 12.5 μm to 22 μm. The PLD width is in the range of about 0.75 μm to 13 μm, with a range of about 3 μm to 10 μm being preferred.
    [29] The PLD width and relative refractive index preferably have a range of about 0.75 μm to 13 μm and a range of −0.05% to −0.80%, respectively. The negative relative refractive index of the PLD can be achieved by doping of the core and clad portions, the core and clad forming a boundary of the PLD with a material that increases the refractive index. By selection of the reference refractive index, the relative refractive index of the PLD is made positive, but this is a short term mathematical form and does not affect the shape or function of the refractive index profile. More preferred PLD parameters have a width in the range of 3 μm to 10 μm and a relative refractive index in the range of -0.2% to -0.8%. Indeed, the lower negative limit of the PLD relative refractive index is generally written by what is possible rather than desirable. The PLD is also characterized by an area surrounded by the vertical axis of the PLD and the index profile chart. For example, when the PLD is a step refractive index, the enclosed area is the depth of the step times the width of the step. Thus, by using the more preferred width and relative refractive index directly above, the preferably enclosed area associated with the step refractive index is between about 0.2 μm% (relative refractive index of 1 μm × 0.2% size) to 3.2 μm% (4 μm × 0.8% size). Relative refractive index).
    [30] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, while maintaining the fiber waveguide blocking wavelength in the range of about 1450 nm to 1900 nm, the core and clad refractive index profile comprising the structure of the PLD is selected to provide an effective area of about 60 μm 2 . do. The cutoff wavelength is as high as 1000 nm or reduced to about 200 nm in the cabling process. Thus, the 1450 nm to 1900 nm range provides single mode operation over the about 1500 nm wavelength range. The attenuation of the waveguides disclosed herein is maintained at a level suitable for high performance communication systems. The attenuation of the fibers produced according to the invention and designed for use in the preferred wavelength range 1520 nm to 1650 nm is measured at 1550 nm. However, the relationship between attenuation at 1550 nm in the preferred range and attenuation at other wavelengths is well known in the art. Waveguide attenuation at 1550 nm for waveguides made in accordance with the present invention is less than 0.25 dB / km and typically 0.22 dB / km. Attenuation at 1550 nm less than 0.20 dB / km is measured for fibers with the profile disclosed herein.
    [31] In another embodiment of the present invention, the central region of the core has three segments, each of which has a relative index of refraction expressed as Δ 0 % for the segment closest to the waveguide centerline (the relative index of refraction of these segments is further described). Absent, the maximum relative refractive index for the segment), numbered outward from the centerline, Δ 1 % for the second segment, and Δ 2 % for the third segment. The relative refractive index is selected as Δ 0 %> Δ 2 %> Δ 1 %. Each profile shape of the segment comprising the PLD may be α-profile, step, circular step, trapezoidal or circular trapezoidal. In general, a circular profile with a sharp gradient change occurs due to the dispersion of the dopant from the high region to the low region of the dopant center. As here given the definition of the reference index used, the preferred embodiment of the profile will have the PLD relative refractive index, Δ% which is negative, p. As mentioned above, the average refractive index of the clad layer is used as the reference refractive index to calculate the relative refractive index. More detailed examples of this preferred embodiment are set forth in the following examples.
    [32] In another embodiment of the present invention, the central region of the core has four segments, each said segment having a relative index of refraction expressed as Δ 0 % for the segment closest to the waveguide centerline, respectively. Absent, the maximum relative index of refraction for the segment), numbered outward from the centerline, Δ 1 % for the second segment, Δ 2 % for the third segment, and Δ 3 % for the fourth segment. The relative refractive index is selected such that Δ 0 %> Δ 2 %> Δ 3 %, preferably Δ 1 % ≧ Δ 3 %. The third annular segment divides the higher refractive index second annular segment from the PLD. This structure has the advantage of producing waveguide fiber performance in that interference between the germania dopant region and the fluorine dopant region is avoided, thereby suppressing the formation of air bubbles at the interface. Each profile shape of each segment comprising a PLD may be α-profile, step, circular step, trapezoidal or circular trapezoidal. In general, a circular profile with a sharp gradient change is due to the dopant dispersion from the high to low regions of the dopant concentration. Examples of such examples are set forth below.
    [33] Another feature of the present invention is a single mode waveguide fiber constructed as in the first feature, having three or four segment center core regions and respective core and clad refractive index profiles, which are effective greater than about 60 μm 2. It provides an area and a pin array band loss of less than about 65 dB, preferably less than about 30 dB, and more preferably less than about 20 dB. Embodiments of this feature include waveguides having up to about 0.25 dB / km attenuation, typically up to about 0.22 dB / km attenuation and at least about 9 μm mode fields. In another embodiment of this aspect of the invention, the outer radius of the PLD ranges from about 15 μm to 25 μm.
    [34] Another feature of the present invention is consistent with the first feature and provides an effective area greater than about 60 μm 2 , a pin array band loss less than about 22 dB, and a 20 mm mandrel band loss less than about 11 dB / m. do. Embodiments of this aspect of the invention provide up to about 0.25 dB / km attenuation, but typically up to about 0.22 dB / km.
    [35] Another feature of the invention is a single mode waveguide fiber made in accordance with the first aspect of the invention and has a PLD width in the range of 0.75 μm to 8 μm. The waveguide core refractive index profile was configured to operate at a wavelength window in the range of about 1520 nm to 1650 nm. Embodiments of this feature have an outer radius of the PLD in the range of about 14 μm to 25 μm.
    [36] In each characteristic or embodiment characterized by attenuation level or effective area, smaller attenuation, less than 0.22 dB / km or 0.20 dB / km, or larger effective area, 65 μm 2 , 68 μm 2 , 70 μm 2 , 80 μm 2 , or larger than 85 μm 2 , is possible and preferred.
    [37] Additional features and advantages of the invention are set forth in the detailed description which follows, and one of ordinary skill in the art will readily understand the invention by knowing part thereof from the specification or by practicing the invention as set forth in the claims and the specification as well as the accompanying drawings. Could be.
    [38] The foregoing summary and the following detailed description are merely exemplary embodiments of the invention and are intended to provide an overview or overview for understanding the nature and features of the invention as claimed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS To describe the present invention, the accompanying drawings are shown and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiments of the invention, together with an illustrative method for describing the operation and principles of the invention.
    [43] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. Each reference number is used throughout the drawings in which the number is mentioned. A preferred embodiment of the single mode waveguide fiber of the present invention is shown in FIG. Although the refractive index profile of the segment in FIG. 2 is depicted in a nearly step shape with an inclined plane, the segments 40, 43, 46, and 50 are of the α-profile shape or of the circular step refractive index, trapezoidal, or circular trapezoidal. It may have a shape. Flexibility provided by the core with an index of refraction of adjustable shape and size of multiple segments allows for the combination of multiple waveguide properties. The profile of FIG. 2 represents a profile group that produces the predetermined characteristics shown in Example 1 below. The group is defined by the following preferred ranges of relative refractive index and radius. The central segment 40 has a relative refractive index percentage in the range of about 0.35% to 0.45%, Δ 0 %, and a radius 42 in the range of about 3 μm to 5 μm. The first annular segment 43 has a relative refractive index percentage in the range of about 0 to 0.05%, Δ 1 %, and an outer radius 44 in the range of about 7 μm to 9 μm. The second annular segment 46 has a relative refractive index percentage in the range of about 0.06% to 0.20%, Δ 2 %, and an outer radius 48 in the range of about 9 μm to 13 μm. The PLD (50) has an approximately -0.05% to -0.80%, relative refractive index percent in the range, Δ p%, and the central radius 49 of about 19 to about 21 ㎛ ㎛ range. The width 52 of the PLD ranges from about 3 μm to 10 μm. Waveguide fibers are made using this Δ% versus radius range, which is attenuated at 1550 nm less than 0.25 dB / km, more preferably less than 0.22 dB / km, 0.09 ps / nm over the 1520 nm to 1650 nm wavelength range. 70 μm 2 , more preferably 75 μm, with a total dispersion slope less than 2 km, more preferably less than 0.075 ps / nm 2 km, and a pin array band loss less than 100 dB, more preferably less than 65 dB. 2 , and most preferably an effective area of greater than 80 μm 2 .
    [44] The invention will be illustrated in more detail by the following examples which represent preferred embodiments of the invention.
    [45] Example 1
    [46] In Figure 2, the illustrated profile is a relative refractive index of each (40, 43, 46, and 50), 0.39% of Δ 0%, of the 0% Δ 1%, Δ 2 % of 0.085%, -0.3% PLD Δ p %, Center segment outer radius 42 of 3.5 μm, first ring segment outer radius 44 of 8 μm, second ring segment outer radius 48 of 17 μm, center radius of PLD of 20 μm 49, and a PLD width 52 of 4 mu m.
    [47] The model of waveguide parameters is 1550 nm total dispersion of 3.67 ps / nm-km, total dispersion slope of 0.068 ps / nm 2 -km, mode field diameter of 10.6 μm, effective area of 86.4 μm 2 , fiber barrier of 1499 nm Wavelength, and pin array band loss of 65 dB. By using the disclosed profile, fibers with attenuation at 1550 nm less than 0.20 dB / km are produced. The power distribution associated with the profile model having a PLD area of about 1.65 μm% is shown by curve 56 in FIG. 2. The properties of the PLD drastically reduce the power near the edge of the core region.
    [48] Comparative Example 1
    [49] The second profile was modeled according to the profile of Example 1 except that no PLD was included. For this comparison, the waveguide parametric model has a 1550 nm total dispersion of 1.18 ps / nm-km, a total dispersion slope of 0.058 ps / nm 2 -km, a modfield diameter of 10.8 μm, an effective area of 90.3 μm 2 , Fiber blocking wavelength of 2213 nm, and pin array band loss of 127 dB. The power distribution associated with the profile model is shown by curve 54 in FIG. In the absence of the PLD, the power at the core edge is relatively high and is characterized by pin array macroband loss, which is a factor of two higher than the PLD profile. The respective power ratios formed by dividing the power at 25 μm at the centerline by the power at 10 μm for each of the power curves 56 and 54 are 3 × 10 −5 and 7.6 × 10 −4 . The PLD provides an improvement over the size order, thereby reducing the macroband loss. In addition, an improvement in the macroband due to a shift in the inner direction of the power can be made without a greater adverse effect on other waveguide characteristics.
    [50] The profile of FIG. 3 represents a group of profiles that produce the predetermined characteristics shown in Example 2 below. In general, such profile groups have a central core region comprising three segments surrounded by a PLD. The design is particularly suitable for subsea applications. In addition, the profile of each core segment may take any shape described above with respect to FIG. 2. The group is defined by the following relative refractive indices and the preferred radius of the radius. The central segment 18 has a relative refractive index percentage in the range of about 0.5% to 0.6%, Δ 0 % and an outer radius 26 in the range of about 2.0 μm to 4.5 μm. The central segment 18 is surrounded by a first annular segment 20, wherein the first annular segment is smaller than the central segment 18 in the range of about −0.025% to 0.01% relative refractive index, Δ 1 %, and outer radius 28 in the range of about 5 μm to 9 μm. The first annular segment 20 is surrounded by a second annular segment 22, the second annular segment having a relative index of refraction in the range of about 0.06% to 0.30%, Δ 2 %, and about It has an outer radius 30 in the range of 11 μm to 16 μm. PLD (24) has an approximately -0.05% to -0.80%, relative refractive index percent in the range, Δ p%, and the central radius 32 of about 14 to about 20 ㎛ ㎛ range. The width 34 of the PLD ranges from about 0.75 μm to 13 μm. % Δ p is preferably in the range of about -0.2% to -0.8%, and more preferably in a more negative than -0.25%.
    [51] Waveguide fibers are made using a refractive index profile within this Δ% versus radius range, which is attenuated at 1550 nm less than 0.25 dB / km, more preferably 0.23 dB / km, and 0.09 over a wavelength range of 1520 nm to 1650 nm. 65, with a total dispersion slope less than ps / nm 2 -km, more preferably less than 0.08 ps / nm 2 -km, and a pin array band loss less than 50 dB, preferably 35 dB, more preferably less than 30 dB. Effective areas greater than 2 μm 2 , more preferably 68 μm 2 , and most preferably 70 μm 2 . Microband losses are less than about 5 dB / m, preferably less than 3.3 dB / m. Waveguide fibers are made by using such a refractive index profile that exhibits attenuation at 1550 nm less than about 0.22 dB / km. The total dispersion at 1550 nm can be made to have a negative or positive value by placement of zero dispersion wavelengths. Typically, the cable break value is less than about 1500 nm.
    [52] The invention will be further illustrated by the following example which is an embodiment of the invention.
    [53] Example 2
    [54] In Figure 3, the illustrated profile is a relative refractive index of each (18, 20, 22, 24), 0.54% of Δ 0%, Δ 1% of -0.02%, 0.1% Δ 2%, Δ p of -0.3% PLD %, Central segment radius 26 of 3.0 μm, first ring segment outer radius 28 of 5.5 μm, second ring segment outer radius 30 of 16 μm, PLD 24 of 18 μm It has a center radius and a PLD width 34 of 4 μm.
    [55] The model of waveguide parameters includes a 1550 nm total dispersion of 2.91 ps / nm-km, a total dispersion slope of 0.077 ps / nm 2 -km over a range of 1520 nm to 1650 nm, a mode field diameter of 9.54 μm, 70.4 μm 2 Effective area, fiber cut wavelength of 1675 nm and pin array band loss of 19 dB. Waveguide fibers made with this refractive index profile exhibit attenuation at 1550 nm less than 0.22 dB / km. The power distribution associated with the profile model is shown by curve 38 in FIG. The characteristics of the PLD significantly attenuate the power near the core region edge, thereby improving macroband performance.
    [56] Comparative Example 2
    [57] The second profile was modeled according to the profile of Example 2 except that no PLD was included. In the case of this comparison, the waveguide parameter model has a 1550 nm total dispersion of -4.96 ps / nm-km, a total dispersion slope of 0.068 ps / nm 2 -km over a range of 1520 nm to 1650 nm, of 9.65 μm. Mode field diameter, effective area of 72.4 μm 2 , fiber blocking wavelength of 2333 nm, and pin array band loss of 31 dB. The power distribution associated with the profile model is shown as curve 36 in FIG. 2. In the absence of the PLD, the power at the core edge is relatively high and is characterized by a pin array macroband loss that is 1.65 higher than the profile with the PLD. The power ratios formed by dividing the power at 25 μm at the centerline by the power at 10 μm from the centerline, taken on the respective power curves 38 and 36, are 1.4 × 10 −5 and 1.6 × 10 −4 , and in magnitude order. Provide an improvement. This improvement in macroband loss can be made without adversely affecting other waveguide characteristics.
    [58] The profile of FIG. 5 represents a group of profiles that produce the predetermined characteristics shown in Example 3 below. In general, such profile groups have a central region of the core comprising four segments surrounded by a PLD. The design is particularly suitable for subsea applications. In addition, the profile of each core segment can take any shape described above with respect to FIG. 2 and is defined as various segments within the preferred radius of the following relative refractive index and radius. The central segment 60 has a relative refractive index percentage in the range of about 0.53% to 0.65%, Δ 0 % and an outer radius 71 in the range of about 2.0 μm to 2.5 μm. The central segment 60 is surrounded by a first annular segment 62, the first annular segment having a relative index of refraction smaller than the central segment 60 in the range of about 0 to 0.065%, Δ 1 %. Has The outer radius 72 of the segment 62 is determined by the outer radius 74 and the width 80 of the second annular segment 64. The first annular segment 62 is surrounded by a second annular segment 64, the second annular segment having a relative index of refraction in the range of about 0.10% to 0.70%, Δ 2 %, about 8.8 It has a central radius 73 in the range of μm to 11.8 μm, and a width 80 in the range of about 0.30 μm to 9.0 μm. The third annular segment 66 is surrounded by a second annular segment 64, the second annular segment having a relative index of refraction ranging from about 0 to 0.05% and a range of about 14.5 μm to 16.5 μm. Has an outer radius 75. Relative refractive index percent of PLD (68), Δ% p has a range of about -0.05% to -0.80%, the outside of the inner radius (75), and from about 17 to about 25 ㎛ ㎛ range of from about 12 to about 19.5 ㎛ ㎛ range Has a radius 77. Therefore, the maximum width of the PLD is 13 mu m. Although the PLD width can take values in the range from about 0.75 μm to 13 μm, the preferred range of PLD width is in the range of 3 μm to 10 μm. Relative refractive index percent, Δ%, p has a range of about -0.2% to -0.8%, and more preferably in a more negative than -0.20%.
    [59] In another embodiment, the profile of FIG. 5 represents a group of profiles that produce the predetermined characteristics shown in Example 3 below. In general, such profile groups have a central core area comprising four segments surrounded by a PLD. The design is particularly suitable for subsea applications. In addition, the profile of each core segment can take any shape described above with respect to FIG. 2 and is defined as various segments within the desired radius of the following relative refractive index and radius. The central segment 60 has a relative refractive index percentage in the range of about 0.5% to 0.6%, Δ 0 % and an outer radius 71 in the range of about 2.4 μm to 3.0 μm. The central segment 60 is surrounded by a first annular segment 62, the first annular segment having a smaller relative refractive index percentage, Δ 1 % than the central segment 60 in the range of about 0 to 0.1%. And an outer radius 72 in the range of about 8.4 μm to 9.7 μm. The first annular segment 62 is surrounded by a second annular segment 64, the second annular segment having a relative index of refraction in the range of about 0.20% to 0.30%, Δ 2 %, and about It has an outer radius 74 in the range of 10.3 μm to 12.6 μm. The third annular segment 66 is surrounded by a second annular segment 64, the second annular segment having a relative index of refraction ranging from about 0 to 0.05% and a range of about 14.5 μm to 16.5 μm. Has an outer radius 75. Relative refractive index percent of PLD (68), Δ% p has a range of about -0.05% to -0.80%, and has a central radius 78 of about 16.5 to about 20.2 ㎛ ㎛ range. Although, as mentioned above, the PLD width can take a value in the range from about 0.75 μm to 13 μm, the PLD width 70 in this embodiment ranges from 6.4 μm to 7.9 μm. % Δ p is preferably in the range of about -0.2% to -0.8%, and more preferably of more negative than -0.20%.
    [60] Example 3
    [61] In Figure 5, the illustrated profile is a relative refractive index of each (60, 62, 64 and 66), 0.55% of Δ 0%, 1% of 0.01% Δ, Δ 2% of 0.225%, Δ 3% of 0, -0.25 PLD Δ p % of%, center segment outer radius 71 of 2.37 μm, first ring segment outer radius 72 of 8.8 μm, second ring segment outer radius 74 of 11.4 μm, 15 μm The third ring-shaped segment 66 has an outer radius, a central radius of the PLD 78 of 18.3 μm, and a PLD width 70 of 7.1 μm.
    [62] Waveguide fibers prepared according to this profile have a 1560 nm total dispersion of -2.4 ps / nm-km, a total dispersion slope of 0.079 ps / nm 2 -km, a mode field diameter of 9.36 μm, an effective area of 67.4 μm 2 , 1378 nm Denotes the cable cut-off wavelength and the pin array band loss of 29.6 dB. Using the disclosed profile, fibers having attenuation at 1550 nm less than 0.22 dB / km are produced, with a typical 1550 nm attenuation of 0.204 dB / km. The microband loss for this example case is about 3.32 dB / m.
    [63] In any of the embodiments described above, when a larger diameter polymer coating is used in connection with any of the embodiments disclosed above, the microband loss can typically be dramatically reduced to values less than about 1 dB / m. An example of a larger diameter coating is one of the bilayer coatings used for waveguide fibers having a diameter of 125 μm. The base or first layer has a diameter of 190 μm +/− 10 μm and the second layer has a diameter of 285 μm +/− 10 μm. The upper limit of the outer diameter of the coating is due to practical considerations of cost and easy cabling. A suitable upper limit of the coating diameter is about 310 μm for a 125 μm glass fiber diameter. Microband loss can be improved by using a coating having a second layer diameter defined as low as 260 μm +/− 10 μm. Typical optical fiber polymer coatings are bilayer urethane acrylates based on materials having a coefficient of less than 1.0 MPa for the base layer and a coefficient of greater than 650 MPa for the second layer. In one embodiment, the base layer has a coefficient in the range of about 1.0 MPa to 1.3 MPa and the second layer has a coefficient in the range of about 650 MPa to 850 MPa.
    [64] Example 4
    [65] Directly above the polymer coating surrounding the cladding layer with the larger diameter and the waveguide fiber with the parameters according to example 3 were prepared and measured. The measured parameters were 1560 nm total dispersion of -2.3 ps / nm-km, total dispersion slope of 0.078 ps / nm 2 -km, mode field diameter of 9.25 μm, effective area of 66 μm 2 , cable break of 1435 nm Wavelength, 4.7 dB pin array band loss, 0.196 dB / km 1550 nm attenuation, and 0.64 dB / m microband loss.
    [66] As shown herein, the present invention applies to any refractive index profile to achieve improved band resistance without substantially altering other waveguide fiber properties. Curve 58 in FIG. 4 shows a change from 25 μm to 10 μm power ratio as the PLD region increases. Curve 58 is the best location for the series of points generated using different refractive index profiles. For lower PLD values, less than about 1, the range of power ratio data points for a fixed line is 7 × 10 −5 . In the higher PLD region, the power ratio ranges from about 2.2 x 10 -5 . As the PLD area increases, the improvement in macroband loss is less dependent on the details of the core segment inside the PLD segment. The advantages of the present invention are applicable to a number of profiles designed for use in the 1250 nm to 1700 nm wavelength band.
    [67] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications, variations and equivalents thereof provided they come within the scope of the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (43)
    [1" claim-type="Currently amended] A core region surrounded by a cladding layer, wherein the core region and the cladding layer each have a refractive index profile and are formed to direct light through the waveguide fiber; here,
    The core region comprises a central region comprising at least two segments, and a power-limiting depression having an inner and outer radius surrounding the central region;
    The light induced through the waveguide fibers has a power distribution at 1500 nm characterized by a ratio of power at a 25 μm radius of the waveguide to a power at a 10 micron radius of less than about 1 × 10 −4. Single mode optical waveguide fiber.
    [2" claim-type="Currently amended] The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 1, wherein the fiber exhibits attenuation of about 0.22 dB / km or less.
    [3" claim-type="Currently amended] The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 1, wherein the fiber is designed to operate in a wavelength range of about 1250 nm to 1700 nm.
    [4" claim-type="Currently amended] The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 1, wherein the fiber is designed to operate in a wavelength range of about 1520 nm to 1650 nm.
    [5" claim-type="Currently amended] The single mode light of claim 1, wherein the power-limiting depression has a width in the range of about 0.75 μm to 13 μm, at least about 12 μm inner radius, and a relative refractive index in the range of about −0.05% to −0.80%. Waveguide fiber.
    [6" claim-type="Currently amended] 6. The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 5, wherein the power-limiting depression has a radius from the waveguide centerline to the geometric center of the power-limiting depression in the range of about 12.5 μm to 22 μm.
    [7" claim-type="Currently amended] The single mode optical waveguide fiber according to claim 1, wherein the effective area is at least about 60 μm 2 and the fiber blocking wavelength ranges from about 1450 nm to 1900 nm.
    [8" claim-type="Currently amended] The method of claim 1, wherein the central region comprises three segments, wherein each of the segments is Δ 0 %, Δ 1 %, Δ 2 % outward starting from the refractive index profile, the inner and outer radius, and the waveguide center, respectively. Has a relative index of refraction percentage numbered by
    Each of the refractive index profile is α- profile step, the circular step, trapezoidal, and circular binary trapezoidal, and △ 0%> △ 2%> △ single mode optical waveguide fiber, characterized in that selected from the group consisting of 1%.
    [9" claim-type="Currently amended] The method of claim 8, wherein the power-limiting, the relative refractive index depression, △ p% are single-mode optical waveguide fiber, characterized in that a negative number.
    [10" claim-type="Currently amended] The method of claim 8, △ 0% is 0.35% to 0.45% range, △ 1% is from 0 to 0.05% range, △ 2% is 0.06% to 0.15% range, △ p% is -0.05% to -0.80% range Single mode optical waveguide fiber having a.
    [11" claim-type="Currently amended] The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 10 wherein the fiber exhibits an effective area of at least 75 μm 2 .
    [12" claim-type="Currently amended] The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 10, wherein the fiber exhibits an effective area of at least 80 μm 2 .
    [13" claim-type="Currently amended] 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the radius of the first segment, starting from the waveguide center and numbering outward, ranges from 3 μm to 5 μm, the outer radius of the second segment ranges from 7 μm to 9 μm, outside of the third segment. Single mode optical waveguides characterized in that the radius ranges from 9 μm to 13 μm, the geometric center radius of the power-limiting depression ranges from 19 μm to 21 μm, and the width of the power-limiting depression ranges from 3 μm to 10 μm. fiber.
    [14" claim-type="Currently amended] The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 13, wherein the power ratio at the outer radius of the power-limiting depression to the 10 micron radius point is less than about 3 × 10 −5 .
    [15" claim-type="Currently amended] The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 14, wherein the effective area is at least about 75 μm 2 .
    [16" claim-type="Currently amended] The method of claim 1, wherein the central region comprises three segments, wherein each of the segments is Δ 0 %, Δ 1 %, Δ 2 % outward starting from the refractive index profile, the inner and outer radius, and the waveguide center, respectively. Has a relative index of refraction percentage numbered by
    Each refractive index profile is α-profile, step, circular step, trapezoidal, and circular trapezoidal, and Δ 0 %> Δ 2 %> Δ 1 % and Δ 1 % is selected from the group consisting of negative numbers Mode optical waveguide fiber.
    [17" claim-type="Currently amended] The method of claim 16, wherein the power-limiting, the relative refractive index depression, △ p% are single-mode optical waveguide fiber, characterized in that a negative number.
    [18" claim-type="Currently amended] According to claim 17, △ 0% 0.5% to 0.6% range, △ 1% it is -0.025% to 0.01% range, △ 2% is 0.06% to 0.30% range, △ p is -0.05% to -0.80% A single mode optical waveguide fiber, having a% range.
    [19" claim-type="Currently amended] 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the radius of the first segment, starting from the waveguide center and numbering outward, ranges from 2.0 μm to 4.5 μm, the outer radius of the second segment ranges from 5 μm to 9 μm, outside of the third segment. Single mode optical waveguide fibers, characterized in that the radius ranges from 11 μm to 16 μm, the geometric center radius of the power-limiting depression ranges from 14 μm to 20 μm, and the width of the power-limiting depression ranges from 3 μm to 10 μm. .
    [20" claim-type="Currently amended] The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 19, wherein the effective area is at least about 65 μm 2 .
    [21" claim-type="Currently amended] The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 20, wherein the power ratio at the outer radius of the power-limiting depression to the 10 micron radius point is less than about 1.4 × 10 −5 .
    [22" claim-type="Currently amended] The method of claim 1, wherein the central region comprises four segments, each of which is Δ 0 %, Δ 1 %, Δ 2 % outward starting from the refractive index profile, the inner and outer radius, and the waveguide center, respectively. , Having a relative refractive index percentage numbered by Δ 3 %, where
    Each refractive index profile is selected from the group consisting of α-profiles, steps, circular steps, trapezoids, and circular trapezoids, and Δ 0 %> Δ 2 %> Δ 1 % ≥ Δ 3 % Waveguide fiber.
    [23" claim-type="Currently amended] The method of claim 22, wherein the power-limiting, the relative refractive index depression, △ p% are single-mode optical waveguide fiber, characterized in that a negative number.
    [24" claim-type="Currently amended] 23. The method of claim 22, △ 0% is 0.53% to 0.65% range, △ 1% is from 0 to 0.065% range, △ 2% is in the range 0.10% to 0.70%, △ 3% is from 0 to 0.05% range, △ p Single mode optical waveguide fiber, characterized in that the% ranges from -0.05% to -0.80%.
    [25" claim-type="Currently amended] The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 24, wherein the fiber exhibits an effective area of at least 65 μm 2 .
    [26" claim-type="Currently amended] 25. The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 24 wherein the fiber exhibits an effective area of at least 70 μm 2 .
    [27" claim-type="Currently amended] 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the radius of the first segment, starting from the waveguide center and numbering outward, ranges from 2.0 μm to 2.5 μm, the center radius of the third segment ranges from 8.8 μm to 11.8 μm, and the width of the third segment. Single mode optical waveguide fibers characterized in that the silver ranges from 0.30 μm to 9 μm, the inner center radius of the power-limiting depression ranges from 12 μm to 19.5 μm, and the outer radius of the power-limiting depression ranges from 17 μm to 25 μm. .
    [28" claim-type="Currently amended] 28. The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 27, wherein the power ratio at the outer radius of the power-limiting depression to the 10 micron radius point is less than about 8 x 10 -5 .
    [29" claim-type="Currently amended] 23. The method of claim 22, △ 0% is 0.50% to 0.60% range, △ 1% is from 0 to 0.10% range, △ 2% is in the range 0.20% to 0.30%, △ 3% is from 0 to 0.05% range, △ p Single mode optical waveguide fiber, characterized in that the% ranges from -0.05% to -0.80%.
    [30" claim-type="Currently amended] 30. The method of claim 29, △ p% are single-mode optical waveguide fiber comprising the range of -0.2% to -0.8%.
    [31" claim-type="Currently amended] 31. The method of claim 30, △ p% are single-mode optical waveguide fiber, characterized in that more negative than -0.25%.
    [32" claim-type="Currently amended] 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the outer radius of the first segment, numbered outwardly starting at the waveguide center, ranges from 2.4 μm to 3.0 μm, the outer radius of the second segment ranges from 8.4 μm to 9.7 μm, The outer radius is in the range of 10.3 μm to 12.6 μm, the outer radius of the third segment is in the range of 14.5 μm to 16.5 μm, the center radius of the power-limiting depression is in the range of 16.5 μm to 20.2 μm, and the width of the power-limiting depression is from 0.75 μm to A single mode optical waveguide fiber, having a 13 μm range.
    [33" claim-type="Currently amended] A core region surrounded by a cladding layer, wherein the core region and the cladding layer each have a refractive index profile and are formed to direct light through the waveguide fiber; here,
    The core region comprises a central region comprising at least two segments, and a power-limiting depression having an outer radius surrounding the central region;
    A single mode optical waveguide fiber, wherein the effective area is at least about 60 μm 2 and the pin array band loss is less than about 65 dB.
    [34" claim-type="Currently amended] 34. The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 33, wherein the attenuation is at most about 0.25 dB / km.
    [35" claim-type="Currently amended] The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 34, wherein the mode field diameter is greater than about 9 μm.
    [36" claim-type="Currently amended] 34. The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 33, wherein the outer radius of the power-limiting depression ranges from about 14 μm to 25 μm.
    [37" claim-type="Currently amended] A core region surrounded by a cladding layer, wherein the core region and the cladding layer each have a refractive index profile and are formed to direct light through the waveguide fiber; here,
    The core region comprises a central region comprising at least two segments, and a power-limiting depression having an outer radius surrounding the central region;
    The effective area is at least about 60 μm 2 , the pin array band loss is less than about 22 dB, and the 20 mm mandrel band loss is less than about 11 dB / m.
    [38" claim-type="Currently amended] 38. The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 37, wherein the attenuation is at most about 0.25 dB / km.
    [39" claim-type="Currently amended] A core region surrounded by a cladding layer, wherein the core region and the cladding layer each have a refractive index profile and are formed to direct light through the waveguide fiber; here,
    The core region comprises a central region comprising at least two segments and a power-limiting depression having a width in the range of 0.75 μm to 13 μm surrounding the central area;
    The refractive index profile of each of the cores and clads is designed to induce a signal in the wavelength range of 1520 nm to 1650 nm.
    [40" claim-type="Currently amended] The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 39, wherein the power-limiting depression has an outer radius in the range of about 14 μm to 25 μm measured from the waveguide centerline.
    [41" claim-type="Currently amended] The single mode optical waveguide fiber of claim 39, wherein the effective area is at least about 60 μm 2 .
    [42" claim-type="Currently amended] 42. The single mode optical waveguide fiber of any of claims 1-41, wherein the fiber blocking wavelength ranges from about 1450 nm to 1900 nm.
    [43" claim-type="Currently amended] 42. The single mode optical waveguide fiber according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fiber further comprises at least one polymer coating surrounding the clad layer having a diameter in the range of 250 μm to 310 μm.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN1237356C|2006-01-18|
    MXPA02000925A|2002-07-30|
    JP2004500590A|2004-01-08|
    CN1377472A|2002-10-30|
    EP1116059A1|2001-07-18|
    WO2001011402A1|2001-02-15|
    AU7824500A|2001-03-05|
    BR0012719A|2002-04-09|
    CA2380720A1|2001-02-15|
    EP1116059A4|2005-07-20|
    US6317551B1|2001-11-13|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    1999-07-27|Priority to US14575999P
    1999-07-27|Priority to US60/145,759
    1999-11-16|Priority to US16583399P
    1999-11-16|Priority to US60/165,833
    2000-06-20|Application filed by 알프레드 엘. 미첼슨, 코닝 인코포레이티드
    2000-06-20|Priority to PCT/US2000/016925
    2002-05-23|Publication of KR20020038703A
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US14575999P| true| 1999-07-27|1999-07-27|
    US60/145,759|1999-07-27|
    US16583399P| true| 1999-11-16|1999-11-16|
    US60/165,833|1999-11-16|
    PCT/US2000/016925|WO2001011402A1|1999-07-27|2000-06-20|OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE HAVING NEGATIVE DISPERSION AND LARGE A¿eff?|
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